Transformator (Transformer) je uređaj koji koristi princip elektromagnetske indukcije za promjenu izmjeničnog napona, glavne komponente su primarna zavojnica, sekundarna zavojnica i željezno jezgro (magnetsko jezgro). Glavne funkcije su: transformacija napona, transformacija struje, transformacija impedance, izolacija, stabilizacija napona (transformator magnetskog zasićenja) itd. Može se podijeliti na transformatore snage i posebne transformatore (električni pećni transformator, ispravljački transformator, ispitni transformator frekvencije snage, napon regulator, rudarski transformator, audio transformator, transformator srednje frekvencije, visokofrekventni transformator, transformator udara, transformator instrumenta, elektronski transformator), reaktori, transformatori itd.). Simboli krugova često upotrebljavaju T kao početak broja. Primjer: T01, T201 itd.
Izlazni reaktor: kada je duljina izlaza kabela iz pretvarača do motora veća od navedene vrijednosti proizvoda, treba dodati izlazni reaktor da se nadoknadi utjecaj naboja i pražnjenja povezanog električnog kapaciteta kada je električni kabel radi, kako bi se izbjegao protok pretvarača. Izlazni dv / dt reaktor: Kako bi se ograničila brzina porasta izlaznog napona pretvarača, kako bi se osigurala normalna izolacija motora. Sinusoidni valni filter: Prilagodite izlazni napon i struju pretvarača sinusnom talasu, smanjite koeficijent harmonske domene motora i pritisak izolacije motora. Ove opcije trebaju biti instalirane na izlaznoj strani pretvarača.
Slijedi model proizvoda i njegovo uvođenje:
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4NC5112-0BC20；4NC5112-0CB21；4NC5112-2BC20；4NC5112-2CB21；4NC5113-0BC20；4NC5113-0CB21；4NC5113-2BC20；4NC5113-2CB21；4NC5115-0CC21；4NC5115-2CC21；4NC5117-0CC21；4NC5117-0DA21；4NC5117-2CC21；4NC5117-2DA21；4NC5121-0CC21；4NC5121-0DC21；4NC5121-2CC21；4NC5121-2DC21；4NC5121-2FA21；4NC5122-0CE21；4NC5122-0DE21；4NC5122-2CE21；4NC5122-2DE21；4NC5122-2FC21；4NC5123-0CE20；4NC5123-0CE21；4NC5123-0DE21；4NC5123-2CE20；4NC5123-2CE21；4NC5123-2DE21；4NC5123-2FC21；4NC5124-2FE21；4NC5125-2FE21；4NC5126-2FE21；4NC5222-0CE21；4NC5222-0DE21；4NC5222-2CE21；4NC5222-2DE21；4NC5223-0CE21；4NC5223-0DE21；4NC5223-2CE21；4NC5223-2DE21；4NC5224-0CE20；4NC5224-0CE21；4NC5224-0DE21；4NC5224-2CE20；4NC5224-2CE21；4NC5224-2DE21；4NC5225-0CE21；4NC5225-0DE21；4NC5225-2CE21；4NC5225-2DE21；4NC5227-2FE21；4NC5228-2FE21；4NC5231-2FE21；4NC5232-2FE21；4NC5325-0CE20；4NC5325-0CE21；4NC5325-0DE21；4NC5325-2CE20；4NC5325-2CE21；4NC5325-2DE21；4NC5326-0CE21；4NC5326-0DE21；4NC5326-2CE21；4NC5326-2DE21；4NC5327-0CE21；4NC5327-0DE21；4NC5327-2CE21；4NC5327-2DE21；4NC5328-2CE20；4NC5330-0CE21；4NC5330-0DE21；4NC5330-2CE21；4NC5330-2DE21；4NC5331-2DE21；4NC5431-0CH20；4NC5431-0CH21；4NC5431-0DH21；4NC5431-2CH21；4NC5431-2DH21；4NC5432-0CH21；4NC5432-0DH21；4NC5432-2CH21；4NC5432-2DH21；4NC5433-0CH20；4NC5433-0DH21；4NC5433-2CH20；4NC5433-2DH21；4NC5434-0CH21；4NC5434-2CH20；4NC5434-2CH21；4NC5435-0CH21；4NC5435-0DH21；4NC5435-2CH21；4NC5435-2DH21；4NC5436-2DK21；4NC5438-0CJ21；4NC5438-2CJ21；4NC5438-2DL21；4NC5440-0CJ21；4NC5440-2CJ21；4NC5440-2DM21；4NC5441-2CN21；4NC5441-2DN21；4NC5923-5LT21；4NC5925-5LT21；4NC5930-5LT21；4NC5940-5LT21；
7KT1223；7KT1222；7KT1260；7KT1542；7KT1548；7KT9030；7KT1546；7KT1545；7KT1543；7KT1540；7KT1242；7KT1238；7KT1900；7KT1664；7KT1666；7KT1533；7KT1668；7KT1236；7KT1662；7KT1682；7KT1531；7KT1673；7KT1233；7KT1671；7KT1665；7KT1907；7KT1667；7KT1530；7KT1908；7KT1661；7KT1663；7KT1681；7KT1672；7KT1670；7KT1652；7KT1654；7KT1656；7KT1110；7KT1120；7KT1200；7KT1651；7KT1653；7KT1655；7KT1202；7KT1201；7KT5600；7KT5823；7KT5833；7KT5822；7KT5821；7KT5801；7KT1255；7KT5500；7KT1254；7KT9010；7KT9011；7KT5812；7KT5814；7KT5811；7KT5601；7KT5602；7KT5603；7KT5604；7KT5802；7KT5803；7KT5804；7KT5806；7KT5807；7KT5505；7KT5501；7KT5502；7KT5503；7KT5504；7KT9000；7KT9021；7KT9020；
Princip rada:
Transformator se sastoji od željezne jezgre (ili magnetske jezgre) i zavojnice. Zavojnica ima dva ili više namota. Namot spojen na napajanje naziva se primarnim zavojnicom, a preostali namoti nazivaju se sekundarnim zavojnicama. Može transformirati izmjenični napon, struju i impedansu. Najjednostavniji transformator sa željeznom jezgrom sastoji se od željezne jezgre izrađene od mekog magnetskog materijala i dvije zavojnice različitih okreta koja pokrivaju željezno jezgro.
Uloga jezgre je da ojača magnetsku spojnicu između dva namota. Kako bi se smanjio vrtložni tok i histereza u željezu, jezgro je izrađeno od laminiranog čelika od silikonskog čelika; između dva svitka nema električne veze, a zavojnice su izrađene od izoliranih bakrenih žica (ili aluminijskih žica). Jedna zavojnica povezana na izvor napajanja se naziva primarna zavojnica (ili primarna zavojnica), a druga zavojnica povezana na električni uređaj naziva se sekundarna zavojnica (ili sekundarna zavojnica). Stvarni transformator je vrlo kompliciran, pa neizbježno dolazi do gubitka bakra (zagrijavanje otpora zavojnice), gubitka željeza (zagrijavanje željezne jezgre) i magnetskog curenja (magnetska indukcijska žica zatvorena zrakom) itd. Kako bi se pojednostavila rasprava, ovdje se uvodi idealan transformator. Uvjeti za uspostavljanje idealnog transformatora su: zanemariti protok curenja, zanemariti otpor primarne i sekundarne zavojnice, zanemariti gubitak jezgre i zanemariti struju bez opterećenja (struja u primarnom zavojnici sekundarnog napona zavojnica je otvorena). Na primjer, kada transformator napajanja radi s punim opterećenjem (nazivna snaga sekundarne zavojnice), to je blizu idealnog transformatora.
Transformatori su statički električni uređaji napravljeni po principu elektromagnetske indukcije. Kad se originalni svitak transformatora spoji na mrežno napajanje, u željeznoj jezgri nastaje izmjenični magnetski tok, što je općenito naznačeno φ. Φ u primarnom i sekundarnom zavojnici su isti, a φ je i jednostavna harmonička funkcija. Tabela je φ = φmsinωt. Prema Faradayevom zakonu elektromagnetske indukcije, inducirana elektromotorna sila u primarnom i sekundarnom zavojnici je e1 = -N1dφ / dt i e2 = -N2dφ / dt. U formuli su N1 i N2 zavoji primarne i sekundarne zavojnice. Može se vidjeti da je U1 = -e1 i U2 = e2 (fizička količina izvorne zavojnice je prikazana pomoću inhibicije 1, a fizička količina sekundarne zavojnice predstavljena je s podpisom 2). = N1 / N2, naziva se odnos transformacije transformatora. Iz gornje formule, U1 / U2 = -N1 / N2 = -k, to jest omjer efektivne vrijednosti napona primarnog i sekundarnog svitka transformatora jednak je njegovom omjeru zavoja i razlici faza između primarne i sekundarne zavojnice naponi su π.
Dalje se zaključuje da:
U1 / U2 = N1 / N2
U slučaju kada se struja bez opterećenja može zanemariti, postoji I1 / I2 = -N2 / N1, to jest efektivna vrijednost primarne i sekundarne struje zavojnice je obrnuto proporcionalna broju okretaja, a razlika faza je π.
Zauzvrat na raspolaganju
I1 / I2 = N2 / N1
Snaga primarnog i sekundarnog svitka idealnog transformatora jednaka je P1 = P2. To pokazuje da sam idealan transformator nema gubitka napajanja. Stvarni transformator uvijek ima gubitke, a njegova učinkovitost je η = P2 / P1. Učinkovitost energetskih transformatora vrlo je visoka i do 90%
Karakteristični parametri:
radna frekvencija
Gubitak jezgre transformatora ima veliku povezanost sa frekvencijom, pa ga treba oblikovati i koristiti u skladu s učestalošću uporabe. Ova frekvencija se naziva radna frekvencija.
nazivne snage
Pod navedenom frekvencijom i naponom, transformator može raditi dugo vremena bez prekoračenja izlazne snage navedenog porasta temperature.
Nominalni napon
Odnosi se na napon koji je dozvoljeno primijeniti na zavojnicu transformatora, a koji ne smije biti veći od navedene vrijednosti tijekom rada.
Omjer napona
Odnosi se na omjer napona transformatora i sekundarnog napona, postoji razlika između omjera napona bez opterećenja i omjera napona opterećenja.
Struja bez opterećenja
Kad je sekundarni transformator otvoren, primarni još uvijek ima određenu struju. Ovaj dio struje naziva se strujom bez opterećenja. Struja bez opterećenja sastoji se od magnetizirajuće struje (stvarajući magnetski tok) i struje gubitka željeza (uzrokovane gubitkom jezgre). Za transformator snage 50Hz, struja bez opterećenja je u osnovi jednaka struji magnetiziranja.
Gubitak opterećenja
Odnosi se na gubitak snage izmjeren na primarnom nivou kada je sekundarni transformator otvoren. Glavni gubitak je srčani gubitak, nakon čega slijedi gubitak struje bez opterećenja (gubitak bakra) na otpornosti bakra na primarnoj zavojnici, taj dio gubitka je vrlo mali.
efikasnost
Odnosi se na postotak odnosa sekundarne snage P2 prema primarnoj snazi P1. Općenito, što je veća nazivna snaga transformatora, veća je učinkovitost.
Otpor izolacije
Označava performanse izolacije između svake zavojnice transformatora i između svake zavojnice i željeznog jezgra. Razina izolacijske otpornosti povezana je sa izvedbom upotrijebljenog izolacijskog materijala, temperaturnom razinom i stupnjem vlažnosti.
